From the Research
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia refers to a condition where an individual has extremely high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, typically above 90 mg/dL, which may not provide additional cardiovascular protection and could be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and events, as seen in recent studies 1, 2.
Definition and Implications
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia is characterized by elevated levels of HDL cholesterol, often considered "good cholesterol" due to its role in removing excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. However, recent research suggests that extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol may not be entirely beneficial and could be linked to increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in certain populations such as those with type 2 diabetes 2.
Key Findings
- A study published in 2018 found that extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol (≥90 mg/dL) were associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality in a Japanese cohort 1.
- Another study from 2024 discovered a U-shaped association between HDL cholesterol levels and incident major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with both low and high HDL cholesterol groups having higher risk compared to the medium HDL cholesterol group 2.
Recommendations
Given the potential risks associated with extremely high HDL cholesterol levels, it is essential to:
- Focus on maintaining overall heart health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and a healthy weight.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Consult with a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions and discuss cardiovascular risk profile, as they may recommend additional tests or monitoring to ensure optimal heart health.
Important Considerations
While high HDL levels are generally beneficial, extremely high levels may not provide additional cardiovascular protection and could be associated with certain genetic conditions or medications. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize overall cardiovascular health and consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.