Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Elbow
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Olecranon Bursitis: This is the most likely diagnosis due to its high prevalence and the fact that the olecranon bursa is prone to inflammation and swelling, especially in individuals who frequently lean on their elbows or engage in activities that put pressure on the elbow.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Elbow Fracture: A fracture, especially of the distal humerus, radial head, or olecranon, can cause swelling and should be considered, particularly if there's a history of trauma.
- Elbow Sprain: Ligament sprains around the elbow can lead to swelling, pain, and limited mobility.
- Septic Arthritis: Although less common, septic arthritis of the elbow joint can cause significant swelling, pain, and systemic symptoms like fever.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: This chronic autoimmune disorder can cause symmetric joint swelling, including the elbows, and is associated with morning stiffness and systemic symptoms.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Septic Bursitis: Infection of the bursae around the elbow can lead to severe swelling, redness, warmth, and systemic signs of infection. Missing this diagnosis can lead to serious complications.
- Osteomyelitis: Bone infection can cause swelling, pain, and systemic symptoms. It's crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to avoid long-term damage.
- Cellulitis: Skin and soft tissue infection around the elbow can spread and lead to serious complications if not treated early.
Rare Diagnoses
- Gout or Pseudogout: These conditions can cause sudden, severe swelling and pain in the elbow, although they are less common in this joint compared to others like the big toe.
- Hemophilic Arthropathy: In individuals with hemophilia, recurrent bleeding into the joints can cause swelling, pain, and eventually lead to chronic arthropathy.
- Tumor or Cyst: Rarely, a swollen elbow can be due to a benign or malignant tumor, or a ganglion cyst, which would require specific diagnostic approaches and treatments.