From the Research
Pulmonary embolism (PE) usually occurs 3-7 days after surgery, while atelectasis typically develops within the first 24-72 hours postoperatively. The distinction between PE and atelectasis is crucial for timely and effective management. For PE prevention:
- Start mechanical prophylaxis (compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression) immediately after surgery
- Begin pharmacological prophylaxis (e.g., low molecular weight heparin) within 12-24 hours post-op for most patients
- Continue prophylaxis for 7-14 days for general surgery or up to 35 days for high-risk orthopedic procedures For atelectasis prevention:
- Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises every 1-2 hours while awake, starting immediately after surgery
- Use incentive spirometry 10 times per hour while awake
- Mobilize patient as early as possible, ideally within 24 hours of surgery As noted in a recent study 1, atelectasis was the second most common postoperative pulmonary complication, highlighting the importance of early mobilization and respiratory exercises in preventing this condition. Another study 2 found that early mobilization reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, which may also contribute to early recovery in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. While the exact timeline may vary depending on individual patient factors, early recognition and prevention of both PE and atelectasis are critical to reducing morbidity, mortality, and improving quality of life. In line with the most recent evidence 1, it is essential to identify early risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications and implement preventive measures to minimize their occurrence. By prioritizing early mobilization, respiratory exercises, and prophylaxis, healthcare providers can significantly reduce the risk of PE and atelectasis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.