What is the diagnosis for a middle-aged lady with ongoing dizziness and palpitations for the past 3 days, presenting to the emergency department?

Differential Diagnoses for Each Case

Case 1: Child with Sore Throat, Jaundice, and Hepatosplenomegaly

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV) - justified by the combination of sore throat, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and fatigue.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Viral Hepatitis - could explain jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly.
  • Toxoplasmosis - might cause similar symptoms in immunocompromised patients.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Leukemia or Lymphoma - although less likely, these conditions can present with hepatosplenomegaly and fatigue, and missing them could be fatal.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - could explain jaundice but is less common in this context.

Case 2: Borderline Personality Disorder

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Borderline Personality Disorder - based on the video presentation, assuming it showed characteristic behaviors such as emotional instability, impulsivity, and intense interpersonal relationships.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder - might present with similar emotional dysregulation.
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - could be a comorbid condition or mimic some symptoms.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Bipolar Disorder - important to differentiate due to treatment implications.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Factitious Disorder - less common but could present with dramatic, attention-seeking behavior.

Case 3: Patient with GCS 10

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - given the low GCS score, indicating severe impairment of consciousness.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Stroke or Cerebral Vasculitis - could also lead to decreased consciousness.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Status Epilepticus - requires immediate intervention.
  • Meningitis or Encephalitis - infectious causes that could lead to severe neurological impairment.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Brain Tumor - less likely but could cause increased intracranial pressure leading to decreased GCS.

Case 4: Erectile Dysfunction

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction - given the context of work stress and relationship issues.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction - related to atherosclerosis, especially in smokers.
  • Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction - could be due to diabetes, MS, or other neurological conditions.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Hypogonadism - low testosterone levels could be a treatable cause.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Peyronie's Disease - less common cause of erectile dysfunction due to penile deformity.

Case 5: Asthma Action Plan

• Not applicable as this case does not require a differential diagnosis.

Case 6: Patient on Lithium for BMD

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Bipolar Disorder (BMD) - given the patient is already on lithium.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Schizoaffective Disorder - might also be treated with lithium.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Lithium Toxicity - especially if there are signs of confusion, ataxia, or seizures.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Other conditions treated with lithium, such as major depressive disorder with psychotic features.

Case 7: 9-Month-Old Child with Weight Concern

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Failure to Thrive (FTT) - due to inadequate weight gain.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - could lead to feeding difficulties.
  • Lactose Intolerance or Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy - might cause gastrointestinal symptoms leading to poor feeding.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Congenital Heart Disease - could lead to failure to thrive due to increased metabolic demand.
  • Inborn Errors of Metabolism - require early diagnosis for intervention.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Endocrine Disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism) - less common causes of failure to thrive.

Case 8: Daughter with BMD

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Bipolar Disorder (BMD) - given the context.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Borderline Personality Disorder - might present with mood instability.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Schizophrenia - important to differentiate due to treatment implications.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Other psychotic disorders - less common but could present with similar symptoms.

Case 9: 36 Weeks Pregnant with Itchy Rash

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (PUPPP) - given the description and gestational age.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) - could cause intense itching.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Pemphigoid Gestationis - an autoimmune blistering disease.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy (PEP) - less common than PUPPP.

Case 10: Young Male with Leg Pain on Walking

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Intermittent Claudication - due to smoking and exertional leg pain.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Musculoskeletal Pain - could be due to overuse or strain.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - requires immediate intervention.
  • Peripheral Artery Aneurysm - although less common, could cause claudication.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome - a less common cause of claudication.

Case 11: Young Male with Submandibular Lymph Node Pain

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV) - given the lymph node pain and potential for sore throat.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Bacterial Pharyngitis - could cause lymphadenopathy.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Tuberculosis (TB) - important to consider, especially with persistent lymphadenopathy.
  • Lymphoma - although less likely, could present with lymph node pain.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Cat-Scratch Disease - less common cause of lymphadenopathy.

Case 12: Young Lady with Past Chlamydia Infection

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Past Chlamydia Infection - given the history.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - could be present concurrently.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - a complication of untreated STIs.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) - less common STI that could cause similar symptoms.

Case 13: 82-Year-Old Lady with Hip Surgery and Osteoporosis

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Osteoporotic Fracture - given the history of wedge fractures and osteoporosis.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Osteopenia - a precursor to osteoporosis.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Pathological Fracture - due to an underlying condition like cancer.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta - a genetic disorder leading to brittle bones, less common in this age group.

Case 14: Eye Examination

• Not applicable as this case does not provide enough information for a differential diagnosis.

Case 15: Old Lady with Fracture of Head of Femur and Cognitive Impairment

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction - given the recent surgery.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Dementia - could be exacerbated by the surgery.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Delirium - requires immediate intervention.
  • Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - could cause cognitive impairment post-surgery.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) - less common cause of cognitive impairment and gait disturbance.

Case 16: Middle-Aged Lady with Dizziness and Palpitations

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis: Cardiac Arrhythmia - given the symptoms of dizziness and palpitations.
• Other Likely Diagnoses:
  • Hypertension - could cause similar symptoms.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses:
  • Myocardial Infarction (MI) - requires immediate intervention.
  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - could cause dizziness and palpitations.
• Rare Diagnoses:
  • Cardiac Tamponade - less common but life-threatening condition.