Can Vitamin B complex trigger migraines?

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Last updated: May 25, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Vitamin B complex supplements are unlikely to trigger migraines in most individuals, and may even have a positive effect on reducing migraine frequency and severity, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study 1. When considering the relationship between vitamin B complex and migraines, it's essential to examine the available evidence.

  • The study published in 2022 2 found that supplementation with thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), folic acid (B9), and a combination of these vitamins decreased the frequency of headache attacks and improved migraine disability scores in women with episodic migraine.
  • Another study published in 2025 1 recommended riboflavin or vitamin B2 for migraine prevention in adults, citing minimal adverse events.
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2022 3 found that Vitamin B2 supplementation significantly decreased migraine days, duration, frequency, and pain score.
  • While some studies suggest that high doses of certain B vitamins, such as vitamin B6, may trigger migraines in susceptible individuals, the current evidence does not support a causal relationship between vitamin B complex supplements and migraines.
  • In fact, the most recent and highest quality study 1 suggests that vitamin B complex supplements may be beneficial in reducing migraine frequency and severity, making them a potential adjunct therapy for migraine management. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting or stopping any supplement, especially if it was prescribed for a specific condition.
  • If you experience migraines and are taking vitamin B complex supplements, consider speaking with your healthcare provider about the potential benefits and risks of continuing or adjusting your supplement regimen.
  • Additionally, focusing on getting B vitamins through natural food sources like whole grains, leafy greens, eggs, and lean meats may be a viable alternative for those who experience migraines or are sensitive to supplements.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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