What is the physiological and anatomical role of the C7 (seventh cervical) spinous process?

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Last updated: May 25, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

The C7 spinous process plays a crucial role in the physiological and anatomical functions of the cervical spine, serving as a transitional structure, providing attachment sites for muscles, and offering protection to the underlying spinal cord and nerve roots. The C7 spinous process, also known as the vertebra prominens, is distinctively longer and more prominent than other cervical spinous processes, creating a palpable landmark at the base of the neck that can be felt as a bump when the neck is flexed 1. Functionally, the C7 spinous process provides attachment sites for multiple muscles including the trapezius, rhomboids, and splenius muscles, which are crucial for neck movement, head positioning, and shoulder stabilization.

Key Functions of the C7 Spinous Process

  • Provides attachment sites for muscles such as the trapezius, rhomboids, and splenius muscles
  • Serves as a transitional structure between the cervical and thoracic spine, helping to distribute mechanical forces between these regions
  • Offers protection for the underlying spinal cord and nerve roots, with its prominent projection creating a shield against posterior trauma
  • Clinically, the C7 spinous process is an important reference point during physical examinations, radiographic assessments, and as a landmark for various medical procedures including epidural injections and surgical approaches to the cervicothoracic junction 2, 3.

Clinical Significance

The C7 spinous process is a vital anatomical structure that plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity and function of the cervical spine. Its preservation is essential in surgical procedures, such as cervical laminoplasty, to minimize axial symptoms and maintain cervical mobility 3. In cases of traumatic dislocation of the lower cervical spine, the C7 spinous process can serve as a reference point for diagnosis and treatment 4, 1.

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