What is the cause of post-operative pain and hardening around the surgical site in a 76-year-old male following thrombectomy for PE removal, with laboratory results showing normocytic anemia, hyperglycemia, and a chest X-ray indicating right lower lobe pneumonia, while on Eliquis (apixaban)?

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Differential Diagnosis

The patient presents with post-operative pain, hardening around the surgical site, and a cough with mucus after a thrombectomy for pulmonary embolism (PE) removal. The following differential diagnoses are considered:

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Surgical site hematoma or seroma: The patient reports hardening around the surgical site, which could be indicative of a hematoma or seroma. The lack of signs of infection or bleeding and the presence of tenderness support this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Pulmonary complications (atelectasis or pneumonia): The chest X-ray shows right lower lobe pneumonia, which could be contributing to the patient's cough and post-operative pain.
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Although the patient is on Eliquis, the recent surgery and immobility increase the risk of DVT, which could cause pain and hardening in the affected limb.
    • Wound infection: Although the patient denies fever and chills, a wound infection could still be present, especially if it is in the early stages.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Bleeding or hemorrhage: The patient is on anticoagulation therapy (Eliquis), which increases the risk of bleeding. Although the patient denies bleeding, it is essential to monitor for signs of hemorrhage.
    • Pulmonary embolism (recurrence): The patient recently had a PE, and the presence of a new cough and post-operative pain could be indicative of a recurrent PE.
    • Sepsis: Although the patient denies fever and chills, sepsis could still be present, especially if it is in the early stages.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Compartment syndrome: The hardening around the surgical site could be indicative of compartment syndrome, although this is less likely given the lack of other symptoms such as paresthesia or pallor.
    • Nerve injury: The patient's pain and hardening around the surgical site could be indicative of a nerve injury, although this is less likely given the lack of other symptoms such as numbness or tingling.

SOAP Note

S - The patient is a 76-year-old male who presents with post-operative pain, hardening around the surgical site, and a cough with mucus after a thrombectomy for PE removal. O - The physical assessment reveals a 1cm area of hardening around the 0.5cm surgical site, tenderness, and no signs of infection or bleeding. The chest X-ray shows right lower lobe pneumonia. A - The differential diagnoses include surgical site hematoma or seroma, pulmonary complications, DVT, wound infection, bleeding or hemorrhage, recurrent PE, sepsis, compartment syndrome, and nerve injury. P - The patient will be monitored for signs of bleeding, infection, and pulmonary complications. The patient will be encouraged to take Tylenol for pain management, and the Eliquis will be continued. A follow-up chest X-ray will be ordered to monitor the pneumonia, and the patient will be referred to a wound care specialist to evaluate the surgical site.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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