From the Research
Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, typically requires only supportive care as it usually resolves on its own within 1-3 weeks. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) at a dose of 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) at 200-400 mg every 4-6 hours to reduce fever and relieve joint pain 1. Staying well-hydrated and getting plenty of rest are also important. For the characteristic "slapped cheek" rash and body rash, no specific treatment is needed as they are not typically itchy or uncomfortable. In rare cases where joint pain is severe or persistent, especially in adults, a healthcare provider might recommend higher doses of anti-inflammatory medications. Pregnant women exposed to fifth disease should consult their healthcare provider immediately due to potential risks to the fetus. The disease is caused by parvovirus B19 and is most contagious before symptoms appear, making prevention difficult. Once the rash develops, the person is usually no longer contagious, so isolation isn't necessary at that point. Some studies have discussed the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in various conditions, including autoimmune diseases and coagulation inhibitors 2, 3, 4, 5, but these are not directly relevant to the treatment of fifth disease. The key points to consider in treating fifth disease include:
- Managing symptoms with over-the-counter medications
- Staying well-hydrated and getting plenty of rest
- Monitoring for potential complications, especially in pregnant women
- Avoiding unnecessary isolation once the rash has developed.