From the Guidelines
Microwave radiation at typical exposure levels from household appliances and communication devices has not been conclusively proven to cause significant harmful effects to humans. When considering the use of microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), it is essential to follow safety recommendations to minimize potential risks, as outlined in the guidelines published by the United States Food and Drug Administration 1. The primary concern with microwave radiation is thermal effects, where high-intensity exposure can heat biological tissue and potentially cause burns or heat damage.
To ensure safe use, the following precautions should be taken:
- Verify that the patient meets the device’s indications, including criteria for eligible prostate size indicated for the specific system being used
- Confirm that the patient has not had prior radiation therapy to the pelvic area, as these patients are at increased risk of rectal fistula formation
- Ensure the patient understands the risks and benefits listed in the labeling of the specific device
- Carefully follow the instructions for use provided with these microwave systems, including continual supervision of the procedure and monitoring of the patient and equipment throughout the entire treatment
- Avoid oversedation, as patient perception of pain is an important safety mechanism to ensure that the heating of the tissue is not excessive, although general or spinal anesthesia can be used if all other safety measures are taken, such as verifying the position of the treatment catheter and retention balloon 1.
Modern microwave ovens and communication devices are designed with protective features that prevent radiation leakage during normal operation. For cell phones and wireless devices, which emit much lower levels of microwave radiation, research has not established clear evidence of health risks with typical use. Some precautionary measures include maintaining distance from microwave sources when possible, avoiding direct contact with operating microwave ovens, and using hands-free options with cell phones to reduce exposure. The scientific consensus is that everyday exposure to low-level microwave radiation falls well below safety thresholds established by regulatory agencies, as supported by the guidelines and recommendations outlined in the study 1.
From the Research
Harmful Effects of Microwave Radiation
- Microwave radiation has been alleged to result in health problems, including leukemia, other cancers, and reproductive mishaps 2.
- However, a review of the literature from 1995 to 1998 found that the evidence for any proven health effects of low-level microwave exposure is minimal to non-existent 2.
- In contrast, a 2011 review discussed alarming epidemiological and experimental data on possible carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure to low-intensity microwave radiation, suggesting that it can substantially induce cancer progression in humans and animal models 3.
- The carcinogenic effect of microwave irradiation is typically manifested after long-term exposure, and metabolic changes such as overproduction of reactive oxygen species and ornithine decarboxylase activation confirm a stress impact of this factor on living cells 3.
Health Effects and Precautions
- The current safety limits for non-ionizing radiation may need to be re-evaluated based on recent data, and the everyday exposure of both occupational and general public to microwave radiation should be regulated based on precautionary principles 3.
- There is no direct evidence in the provided studies that links microwave radiation to headache disorders such as migraine or tension-type headache 4, 5, 6.
- However, it is essential to note that the studies on headache disorders do not investigate the effects of microwave radiation, and therefore, do not provide any evidence for or against a potential link between microwave radiation and headaches.