What is the cause of a circular patch rash?

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Differential Diagnosis for Circular Patch Rash

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Tinea corporis (ringworm): This is a common fungal infection that typically presents with a circular, itchy, and scaly rash. The rash often has a clear center, giving it a ring-like appearance.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Eczema (nummular dermatitis): This condition can cause circular patches of dry, itchy skin, often due to dry skin or allergic reactions.
    • Psoriasis: While psoriasis is more commonly associated with plaque-like lesions, it can also present with circular patches, especially in the guttate form.
    • Pityriasis rosea: This condition starts with a single, large patch (herald patch), followed by smaller, circular patches of skin lesions, often on the trunk.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Lyme disease: The initial stage of Lyme disease can present with a circular, expanding rash (erythema migrans), which is a critical diagnosis to make due to the potential for serious complications if left untreated.
    • Erythema multiforme: This is an immune-mediated condition that can cause target-like lesions, which might appear circular. It can be associated with infections or medications and can have severe forms.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Granuloma annulare: A rare condition characterized by circular patches of small, bumps or lesions, often on the hands and feet.
    • Sarcoidosis: While more commonly associated with lung and lymph node involvement, sarcoidosis can also cause skin lesions, including circular patches.
    • Leprosy: In its early stages, leprosy can cause light-colored or hypopigmented patches, which might appear circular. This diagnosis is crucial due to the potential for nerve damage and disability if not treated promptly.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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