What are the physiological effects on the body of running one mile daily?

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Last updated: May 27, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Running one mile every day can lead to significant improvements in cardiovascular health, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality, as supported by the World Health Organization's 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour 1. The benefits of running one mile daily include:

  • Improved cardiovascular system efficiency, with a stronger heart pumping more blood with each beat and a lower resting heart rate
  • Enhanced respiratory system function, allowing for better oxygen exchange in the lungs
  • Increased muscle strength and tone in the legs, core, and upper body through regular use
  • Boosted metabolism during and after exercise, aiding in weight management
  • Improved bone density due to the impact of running, which stimulates bone growth and reduces the risk of osteoporosis
  • Mental health benefits, including reduced stress, anxiety, and depression, through the release of endorphins and other mood-enhancing neurotransmitters
  • A more robust immune system and better sleep quality

These benefits are supported by various studies, including those focused on physical activity and sedentary behavior 1, worksite wellness programs for cardiovascular disease prevention 1, guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke 1, and European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice 1. Additionally, recent studies on returning to running after a tibial bone stress injury provide guidance on gradual progression, alternate days, and rest days to prevent injury reoccurrence 1. It is essential to start with a proper warm-up, wear appropriate running shoes, maintain good posture, stay hydrated, and consider alternating running days with rest days to experience these benefits while minimizing the risk of injury or excessive soreness.

From the Research

Effects of Running on the Body

  • Running one mile every day can have various effects on the body, but the provided studies do not directly address this topic.
  • However, the studies discuss the relationship between hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can be related to physical activity like running.

Relationship Between Hypertension and Diabetes

  • Studies have shown that hypertension and diabetes are two common metabolic disorders that often coexist and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and other complications 2, 3.
  • The concurrence of hypertension and diabetes can lead to a higher risk of cardiovascular events, and effective management of diabetes should include a multifaceted approach that addresses not only glycemic control but also blood pressure and lipid control 2.

Impact of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk

  • While the provided studies do not specifically discuss the effects of running one mile every day, regular physical activity is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve overall health.
  • A study on systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes found a monotonic relationship between systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting that lower blood pressure is associated with lower cardiovascular risk 4.

Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy

  • A study on the effects of diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke on quality-adjusted life expectancy found that these chronic diseases can significantly reduce life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy 5.
  • The study estimated that diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke contributed to significant losses in quality-adjusted life expectancy, highlighting the importance of managing these conditions to improve overall health and well-being.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

The connection between hypertension and diabetes and their role in heart and kidney disease development.

Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2024

Research

Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease development.

Journal of translational medicine, 2022

Research

The effects of diabetes, hypertension, asthma, heart disease, and stroke on quality-adjusted life expectancy.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 2013

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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