What is the medical term for crachat?

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Mot médical pour crachat

Le terme médical pour "crachat" est "expectoration" ou "sputum".

Définition et contexte clinique

L'expectoration désigne l'expulsion de sécrétions provenant des voies respiratoires inférieures (bronches et poumons) par la toux. Le terme "sputum" est également utilisé de manière interchangeable dans la littérature médicale pour décrire ces sécrétions expectorées 1, 2.

Distinction importante

Il est essentiel de différencier l'expectoration d'autres sécrétions respiratoires:

  • Expectoration/Sputum: Sécrétions provenant des voies respiratoires inférieures (bronches, poumons)
  • Sécrétions nasopharyngées: Provenant du nez et du pharynx 3
  • Mucus nasal: Sécrétions du nez uniquement 4

Utilisation en pratique clinique

Prélèvement et analyse

Pour les enfants capables d'expectorer, les échantillons d'expectoration doivent être collectés mensuellement pour surveillance microbiologique, notamment dans les cas de tuberculose résistante 1. Les sécrétions bronchiques se prêtent à différents examens bactériologiques et virologiques, nécessitant une technique de prélèvement soigneuse pour des résultats interprétables 3.

Caractéristiques cliniques

L'expectoration peut être décrite selon:

  • Quantité et qualité: Avec la rhinite allergique, on peut observer du mucus aqueux; avec une clairance mucociliaire anormale, des sécrétions épaisses peuvent s'accumuler 4
  • Production: La bronchite aiguë se manifeste par une toux avec ou sans production d'expectoration durant jusqu'à 3 semaines 2

Contexte pathologique

La production d'expectoration accompagne diverses conditions respiratoires incluant la bronchite aiguë, la BPCO, l'asthme, et les infections pulmonaires 2, 5. L'évaluation de l'expectoration fait partie intégrante du diagnostic et du suivi de ces pathologies respiratoires.

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