What are the causes of white marks on the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: May 28, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for White Marks on Tympanic Membrane

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Tympanosclerosis: This condition is characterized by the deposition of collagen and calcium in the tympanic membrane, often resulting from chronic otitis media or previous ear infections. The white marks are due to the formation of plaques or calcifications.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Otosclerosis: A condition where there is abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, which can cause white patches on the tympanic membrane due to the involvement of the ossicles or the tympanic membrane itself.
    • Middle ear effusion: The presence of fluid in the middle ear can sometimes cause a white or cloudy appearance on the tympanic membrane, especially if the fluid is thick or contains debris.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Cholesteatoma: Although less common, a cholesteatoma (a type of skin cyst in the middle ear) can present with white marks on the tympanic membrane. It's crucial to identify this condition early because it can lead to serious complications, including destruction of the surrounding bone and tissue.
    • Tuberculosis: In rare cases, tuberculosis can affect the middle ear, leading to white patches or lesions on the tympanic membrane. Given the potential severity of tuberculosis, it's essential to consider this diagnosis, especially in high-risk populations.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can affect various parts of the body, including the ears. It might cause white lesions or marks on the tympanic membrane due to granulomatous inflammation.
    • Sarcoidosis: Another rare condition where granulomatous inflammation can affect the middle ear, potentially leading to white patches on the tympanic membrane.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.