Differential Diagnosis for Swelling and Bruising on Dorsum of Foot
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Stress Fracture: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the location of the swelling and bruising, which corresponds to the area of high stress on the foot, particularly the second metatarsal. Stress fractures are common in this area, especially in individuals who participate in activities that involve repetitive stress on the foot.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Contusion: A direct blow to the dorsum of the foot could result in bruising and swelling, making contusion a plausible diagnosis.
- Morton's Neuroma: Although typically presenting with pain between the toes, Morton's neuroma could potentially cause swelling and bruising on the dorsum of the foot if it becomes inflamed or irritated.
- Gout or Pseudogout: These conditions can cause sudden onset of pain, swelling, and bruising, particularly in the foot, and should be considered, especially if the patient has a history of similar episodes.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Osteomyelitis: Although less likely, an infection of the bone could present with swelling and bruising and is critical to diagnose early to prevent serious complications.
- Compartment Syndrome: This is a medical emergency that could present with swelling and bruising, particularly after trauma. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term damage.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): While less common in the foot, DVT could potentially cause swelling and bruising and is important to consider due to its potential for serious complications, such as pulmonary embolism.
Rare Diagnoses
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which could potentially cause swelling and bruising.
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A rare condition characterized by intense burning or aching pain in the hands or feet after an injury, which could present with swelling and bruising.
- Tumor: Although extremely rare, a tumor on the foot could cause swelling and bruising and should be considered if other diagnoses are ruled out and symptoms persist.