What are the primary guidelines for breast self-examination (BSE) technique?

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Last updated: February 22, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Breast self-examination (BSE) is not recommended as a screening method for breast cancer in average-risk women due to the risk of harm from false-positive test results and a lack of evidence of benefit 1. The American College of Physicians and other organizations suggest that women should be counseled about breast self-awareness and encouraged to notify their health care provider if they experience a change, rather than performing regular BSE.

Key Points

  • BSE is not recommended as a screening method for breast cancer in average-risk women
  • Women should be counseled about breast self-awareness and encouraged to notify their health care provider if they experience a change
  • The decision to perform BSE should be based on a shared decision-making approach that recognizes the uncertainty of additional benefits and the possibility of adverse consequences
  • Mammography and clinical breast examination are recommended as screening methods for breast cancer, with guidelines varying depending on age and risk factors

Implementation

  • Women should be informed about the potential benefits and harms of BSE and other screening methods
  • Health care providers should counsel women about breast self-awareness and encourage them to report any changes
  • Screening mammography and clinical breast examination should be performed according to recommended guidelines, taking into account age and risk factors
  • Women should be involved in the decision-making process regarding breast cancer screening, with consideration of their individual preferences and values.

From the Research

Primary Guidelines for Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Technique

The primary guidelines for BSE technique include:

  • Monthly technical realization 2
  • Recognition of abnormalities in the breast 2
  • Going to the doctor for possible doubts about changes in the breast 2
  • Performing the examination at the ideal time of the month to understand normal breast tissue and detect abnormalities 3
  • Utilizing the tools of self-breast examination, yearly mammograms, and clinical breast examinations consistently for early detection of breast cancer 3

Effective Teaching Methods

Effective teaching methods for BSE include:

  • Teaching the woman on her own breasts 4
  • Providing accurate assessment of the learner's BSE techniques to evaluate BSE teaching methods 4
  • Supervised breast self-examination as an educational strategy 5
  • Health professionals periodically rechecking the patient's performance and providing corrective measures when necessary 6

Key Factors for Frequent BSE Practice

Key factors that are positively associated with frequent BSE practice include:

  • Confidence in BSE performance 4
  • Prior BSE instruction 4
  • Finding ways to remember to do BSE 4

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

[Breast self-examination as main technique for breast cancer prevention].

Revista de enfermeria (Barcelona, Spain), 2013

Research

The nurse's role in self-breast examination education.

Plastic surgical nursing : official journal of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Nurses, 2012

Research

Practice and effectiveness of breast self examination: a selective review of the literature (1977-1989).

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education, 1991

Research

Breast self-examination: a new training method.

Southern medical journal, 1990

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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