From the Guidelines
Cryotherapy can cause scarring, especially if not performed correctly, and the risk of scarring increases with longer freeze times, multiple treatments, or when used on areas with thin skin. Cryotherapy uses extreme cold (typically liquid nitrogen) to destroy abnormal tissue, and while it's generally safe when administered by healthcare professionals, it can cause side effects including blistering, pain, and in some cases, scarring 1. The risk of scarring is higher in people with darker skin tones, who may also experience hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin) at the treatment site.
Factors Influencing Scarring
- Longer freeze times: Increase the risk of scarring
- Multiple treatments: Increase the risk of scarring
- Thin skin: Increase the risk of scarring
- Darker skin tones: Increase the risk of hypopigmentation and scarring
According to the British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the care of patients with actinic keratosis 2017, education at the outset of using physical therapies, including cryotherapy, is important to ensure a full understanding of the side-effects, which can be marked and include scarring and altered pigmentation 1.
Minimizing Scarring Risk
- Proper wound care: Keeping the area clean and protected can help minimize scarring potential
- Adjusting technique: Healthcare providers may adjust the technique or recommend alternative treatments based on skin type and location being treated
- Monitoring for complications: If excessive blistering, pain, or signs of infection occur after treatment, contact a healthcare provider immediately.
It's essential to discuss concerns about scarring with a healthcare provider before treatment, as they can recommend the best course of action based on individual skin type and treatment location 1.
From the Research
Cryotherapy and Burn Scars
- Cryotherapy is a treatment method that has been used to manage burn scars, although its effectiveness can vary [(2,3)].
- The use of cryotherapy in combination with other treatments, such as intralesional injections and laser therapy, may be beneficial for improving burn scar appearance 2.
- However, there is limited research on the specific use of cryotherapy for burn scars, and more studies are needed to fully understand its effects 4.
Potential Risks and Complications
- Cryotherapy, like other treatments, carries potential risks and complications, including inflammation and infection 5.
- The risk of complications may be higher when cryotherapy is used in combination with other treatments or in patients with pre-existing infections 5.
- Proper wound preparation and post-treatment care are essential to minimize the risk of complications [(5,3)].
Comparison with Other Treatments
- Laser therapy is another treatment option that has shown promise for improving burn scar appearance 6.
- Silicone-based products, such as sheets and gels, are recommended as a first-line, non-invasive option for preventing and treating scars 3.
- The choice of treatment will depend on the individual patient's needs and the severity of their burn scar [(2,3)].