Differential Diagnosis for Red Cheeks in a 4-Month-Old Infant
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis: This is a common condition in infants, often caused by skin care products such as lotion, soap, or diaper wipes. The redness is usually confined to the area where the product was applied.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): A chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It often starts in infancy and can cause red cheeks.
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Similar to irritant contact dermatitis, but this is an allergic reaction to a specific substance, such as a fragrance or preservative in lotion.
- Viral Exanthem: A rash caused by a viral infection, which can cause red cheeks and is common in infants.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Kawasaki Disease: A rare but serious condition that can cause fever, rash, and redness of the cheeks, hands, and feet. It requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications.
- Child Abuse: Although rare, it is essential to consider non-accidental injury as a cause of red cheeks or any other skin lesions in an infant.
Rare Diagnoses
- Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease): A viral infection that can cause a distinctive "slapped-cheek" appearance, although this is more common in older children.
- Lupus Erythematosus: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause a butterfly-shaped rash on the cheeks, but this is extremely rare in infants.