What are the cardiac risks associated with Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use, as discussed in the recent Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) article?

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Last updated: May 29, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

The recent study on THC cardiac risk suggests that cannabis users, particularly those with high THC exposure, are at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, as evidenced by the findings of a recent study published in a reputable medical journal 1. The research indicates that the psychoactive component in cannabis, THC, is specifically linked to these cardiovascular risks, rather than CBD. The mechanism appears to involve THC's activation of CB1 receptors, which can increase heart rate, blood pressure, and trigger inflammation in blood vessels. This cardiovascular stress may be particularly dangerous for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or risk factors. Some key points to consider include:

  • The average THC concentration in cannabis plants has almost doubled, from 9% in 2008 to 17% in 2017, potentially elevating the risk for health problems 1.
  • Cannabis concentrates may have THC levels of 70%, further increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events 1.
  • A recent study of Danish patients with chronic pain found an increase in risk for 180-day new-onset arrythmia among those who used medical cannabis compared with those who did not 1. Therefore, it is advisable for anyone using cannabis, especially those with cardiovascular risk factors, to discuss these findings with healthcare providers and consider lower-THC options or alternative treatments 1. Regular cannabis users should be vigilant about monitoring cardiovascular symptoms and maintaining heart-healthy lifestyle practices to mitigate potential risks. Additionally, components of vaporized cannabis may pose unique risks, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have recommended that people not use THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly from informal sources 1.

From the Research

THC Cardiac Risk

  • The relationship between cannabis and cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively, with evidence suggesting that cannabinoids can cause substantial adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, arrhythmia, and heart failure 2.
  • The use of cannabis has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with the endocannabinoid system playing a role in regulating the cardiovascular system 3.
  • THC, the main active component of cannabis, has been shown to have negative effects on the cardiovascular system, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can lead to cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes 4.
  • The risk of cardiovascular disease associated with cannabis use is still being studied, with some studies suggesting a link between cannabis use and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while others have found no association 5.
  • The clinical toxicology of cannabis has been studied, with evidence suggesting that THC can cause a range of adverse effects, including cardiovascular toxicity, and that long-term use can result in respiratory and cardiovascular problems 6.

Key Findings

  • Cannabis use has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, arrhythmia, and heart failure 2, 3.
  • THC has been shown to have negative effects on the cardiovascular system, including increased heart rate and blood pressure 4, 6.
  • The risk of cardiovascular disease associated with cannabis use is still being studied, with some studies suggesting a link between cannabis use and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, while others have found no association 5.

Cardiovascular Risks

  • Myocardial infarction
  • Cerebrovascular accidents
  • Arrhythmia
  • Heart failure
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure 2, 3, 4, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2024

Research

Cannabis and Cardiovascular Disease.

Current atherosclerosis reports, 2019

Research

The clinical toxicology of cannabis.

The New Zealand medical journal, 2020

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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