From the Research
The recommended dose of magnesium oxide for migraine prevention is 500 mg daily, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study 1.
Key Points to Consider
- Magnesium oxide can be taken as a single daily dose or divided into two doses (morning and evening), preferably with food to minimize potential digestive side effects like diarrhea.
- It may take several weeks of consistent use to notice benefits, as magnesium works for migraines by helping regulate neurotransmitters, reducing cerebral blood vessel constriction, and decreasing neuronal excitability that can trigger migraines.
- Magnesium is particularly helpful for those with menstrual migraines or migraines with aura.
- While generally safe, those with kidney disease should consult their doctor before taking magnesium supplements, as common side effects include loose stools or stomach upset, which often improve with continued use or by adjusting the dosage.
- Magnesium oxide is less bioavailable than other forms like magnesium citrate or glycinate, so these alternatives might be considered if oxide isn't well tolerated.
Evidence Supporting the Recommendation
- A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study published in 2021 found that 500 mg magnesium oxide appears to be effective in migraine prophylaxis similar to valproate sodium without significant adverse effects 1.
- Other studies, such as those published in 2015 2, 2018 3, 2003 4, and 2012 5, also support the use of magnesium for migraine prevention, but the 2021 study provides the most recent and highest quality evidence.
Important Considerations for Clinical Practice
- Magnesium deficiency may be present in up to half of migraine patients, and routine blood tests are not indicative of magnesium status, making empiric treatment with at least oral magnesium warranted in all migraine sufferers 5.
- The safety and efficacy of magnesium supplements make them a viable option for migraine prevention, especially for patients who are magnesium deficient or have not responded to other treatments.