What is the cause of peripheral edema (swelling of the hands and feet)?

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Differential Diagnosis for Swelling of the Hands and Feet

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Idiopathic Edema: This is a common condition characterized by swelling in the hands and feet without an identifiable cause. It is often seen in women and can be related to hormonal changes.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Hypothyroidism: Swelling in the hands and feet can be a symptom of hypothyroidism due to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the skin.
  • Renal Disease: Conditions such as nephrotic syndrome can cause edema due to protein loss and decreased oncotic pressure.
  • Heart Failure: Right-sided heart failure can lead to peripheral edema, including swelling in the hands and feet.
  • Lymphedema: A condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial tissue, leading to swelling.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common, DVT can cause swelling in one leg or arm and is a medical emergency due to the risk of pulmonary embolism.
  • Sepsis: Severe infections can cause edema as part of a systemic inflammatory response, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
  • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Obstruction of the superior vena cava can cause swelling in the arms and face, which is a medical emergency.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Scleroderma: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause swelling and thickening of the skin in the hands and feet.
  • Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and swelling in the hands and feet.
  • Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A rare congenital condition that can cause swelling and malformations in the limbs due to abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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