What is Occam's (Ockham's) Razor?

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Last updated: February 22, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Occam's Razor is a problem-solving principle that states the simplest explanation is usually the correct one, and it should be applied in medicine by favoring simpler explanations over complex ones, as supported by the most recent study on the topic 1. In practice, this means:

  • Favor simpler explanations over complex ones
  • Don't add unnecessary complications to your reasoning
  • Look for the most straightforward solution first This principle is useful in science, medicine, and everyday problem-solving, as it helps avoid overthinking and encourages efficient analysis, as noted in a study on the application of Occam's Razor in human decision-making 1. However, remember that while often correct, the simplest explanation isn't always the right one in every situation, as illustrated by a case report of a patient with two rare tumors, where the simplest explanation would not have led to the correct diagnosis 2. The principle of Occam's Razor is named after William of Ockham, a 14th-century philosopher, though the concept predates him, and it has been widely applied in scientific method and critical thinking to help focus on the most likely explanations or solutions, as discussed in a study on the role of Occam's Razor in guiding human decision-making 1. Some studies have explored the limitations of Occam's Razor, such as a study on symptom clusters in cancer patients, which found that simple solutions are often elusive in complex medical cases 3. However, the most recent and highest-quality study on the topic, published in 2024, provides strong evidence for the application of Occam's Razor in human decision-making, suggesting that people tend to prefer simpler explanations for uncertain data 1.

References

Research

How Occam's razor guides human decision-making.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2024

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