From the Guidelines
Seborrheic dermatitis is primarily caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast, genetic predisposition, and an abnormal immune response, leading to symptoms such as greasy yellowish scaling, itching, and secondary inflammation. This condition is more pronounced in patients with certain medical conditions, including Down syndrome, HIV infection, and Parkinson's disease 1. The symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis can be exacerbated by various factors, including:
- Stress
- Hormonal changes
- Cold and dry weather
- Certain medical conditions like Parkinson's disease, HIV, or other immune system disorders Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis typically involves the use of topical antifungal medications to reduce the amount of yeast present and topical anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation and itch 1. Some key points to consider in managing seborrheic dermatitis include:
- Using antifungal shampoos containing ingredients like ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or zinc pyrithione for the scalp
- Applying topical corticosteroids or antifungal creams for other affected areas
- Maintaining good skin hygiene and identifying personal triggers to control symptoms
- Using medicated products once weekly for maintenance to prevent flare-ups 1.
From the Research
Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as erythematous macules or plaques with varying levels of scaling associated with pruritus 2
- The condition typically occurs as an inflammatory response to Malassezia species and tends to occur on seborrheic areas, such as the scalp, face, chest, back, axilla, and groin areas 2, 3, 4
- Symptoms may include scaling, poorly defined erythematous patches, and pruritus 4
Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis
- The lipophilic yeast fungus Malassezia (M.) spp. is thought to be the causative agent of seborrheic dermatitis 5
- Genetic, environmental, and general health factors may also contribute to the development of seborrheic dermatitis 3
- Malassezia species are part of the physiological human microbiome, but can become pathogenic in certain circumstances 5
Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Treatment options include topical antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents, such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, and corticosteroids 2, 3, 5
- Alternative therapies, such as tea tree oil, Quassia amara, and Solanum chrysotrichum, have also been reported 2
- Herbal and zinc pyrithione-based therapies, such as shampoos and scalp lotions, have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis 6