From the Research
The correct answer is E. resolves spontaneously. The neonate described is showing signs of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), a common respiratory condition in term infants that typically resolves on its own within 24-72 hours 1. TTN occurs when fluid in the lungs is not cleared adequately during the birth process, leading to symptoms like rapid breathing, retractions, and characteristic radiographic findings of prominent vascular markings and flat diaphragms. This condition is self-limiting and generally requires only supportive care such as supplemental oxygen if needed.
Key Characteristics of TTN
- TTN does not lead to permanent lung disease
- It is not a precursor to childhood asthma or neonatal pneumonia
- It rarely requires mechanical ventilation
The benign, transient nature of this condition is important to communicate to the family to alleviate their concerns, while explaining that close monitoring will continue until the infant's breathing normalizes. Recent studies have explored various management strategies for TTN, including non-invasive respiratory support 2 and fluid restriction 3, but the evidence is not strong enough to support a specific intervention over supportive care.
Management Considerations
- Non-invasive respiratory support may be considered in some cases
- Fluid restriction has been studied, but its benefits and harms are not well established
- Close monitoring and supportive care are the mainstays of treatment
Overall, the most recent and highest quality evidence suggests that TTN is a self-limiting condition that resolves spontaneously with supportive care 1.