From the Research
The body metabolizes alcohol at a rate of approximately one standard drink per hour, which is equivalent to 12 ounces of regular beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits. This rate varies based on several factors including body weight, sex, liver function, age, and whether food has been consumed. Women generally metabolize alcohol more slowly than men due to having less of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1. The liver handles about 90-95% of alcohol metabolism through two main pathways: the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. Eating food before drinking can slow alcohol absorption, while certain medications can either speed up or slow down metabolism. For practical purposes, if you've had multiple drinks, a good rule of thumb is to wait at least one hour per standard drink before considering yourself sober, though this is conservative and individual responses vary. Some studies have investigated the interactions between alcohol and other substances, such as benzodiazepines, but these do not directly impact the rate of alcohol metabolism 2, 3, 4, 5. However, it's essential to consider these interactions in the context of overall health and substance use. In general, the rate of alcohol metabolism is relatively consistent across different populations, but individual factors can influence this rate. Therefore, it's crucial to prioritize caution and consider individual responses when consuming alcohol. The most recent and highest-quality studies on alcohol metabolism support the estimate of one standard drink per hour, but it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.