Congenital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: This is a common cause of corneal opacity in neonates, often presenting with other systemic symptoms such as skin lesions, fever, and seizures. The virus can cause keratitis, leading to corneal scarring and opacity.

Congenital Glaucoma: This condition can cause corneal edema and opacity due to increased intraocular pressure. Other signs include photophobia, tearing, and a large eye.
Birth Trauma: Forceps injury during delivery can cause corneal laceration or rupture, leading to opacity.
Congenital Cataract: Although not directly causing corneal opacity, congenital cataract can be associated with other ocular anomalies that may affect the cornea.
Ocular Infections (e.g., Gonococcal or Chlamydial): These infections can cause conjunctivitis and keratitis, leading to corneal opacity.

Retinoblastoma: Although rare, retinoblastoma can cause secondary corneal opacity due to tumor invasion or secondary glaucoma. Missing this diagnosis can be devastating.
Intrauterine Infections (e.g., Toxoplasmosis, Rubella): These infections can cause congenital anomalies, including ocular defects that may lead to corneal opacity.
Sepsis: Systemic infections can cause endogenous endophthalmitis, leading to corneal opacity and potentially life-threatening complications.

Peter's Anomaly: A rare congenital anomaly characterized by a central corneal opacity with iris adhesions.
Sclerocornea: A rare condition where the cornea is opaque and sclera-like, often associated with other systemic anomalies.
Corneal Dystrophies: Rare genetic disorders that can cause corneal opacity, such as lattice corneal dystrophy or granular corneal dystrophy.
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases (e.g., Mucopolysaccharidosis): Rare genetic disorders that can cause corneal clouding or opacity as part of a systemic disease.