What is the cause of daily bleeding in a 37-year-old female 2 months after intrauterine device (IUD) insertion?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 23, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for 37-year-old Female with IUD Insertion 2 Months Ago and Daily Bleeding

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • IUD-related bleeding: This is the most likely diagnosis given the recent IUD insertion. Hormonal IUDs, in particular, can cause irregular bleeding or spotting in the first few months after insertion. The daily bleeding could be a side effect of the IUD, especially if it's a hormonal type.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Infection: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or other infections can cause bleeding and are more common after IUD insertion, especially if the insertion was not done under sterile conditions or if the patient had an existing infection.
    • IUD malposition: If the IUD is not in the correct position, it can cause bleeding, pain, or other symptoms. This could be due to improper insertion or movement of the IUD over time.
    • Hormonal changes: Changes in hormonal balance due to the IUD can lead to irregular bleeding patterns, including daily bleeding.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Ectopic pregnancy: Although less likely if the IUD is in place and functioning correctly, an ectopic pregnancy can still occur and is a medical emergency. Daily bleeding could be a symptom, along with abdominal pain.
    • Ovarian cysts or torsion: These conditions can cause pelvic pain and irregular bleeding. While not directly related to IUD insertion, they are important to consider due to their potential severity.
    • Cancer (cervical, uterine, or ovarian): Although rare, cancer can cause irregular bleeding. It's crucial to rule out these conditions, especially if other risk factors are present.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • IUD perforation: This is a rare complication where the IUD punctures the uterine wall. It can cause bleeding, pain, and other symptoms.
    • Systemic disease (e.g., bleeding disorders): Underlying bleeding disorders or systemic diseases can manifest with irregular bleeding and should be considered if other causes are ruled out.
    • Other gynecological conditions (e.g., endometrial polyps, hyperplasia): These conditions can cause irregular bleeding and, while not directly related to IUD insertion, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.