Differential Diagnosis for 18-year-old Male with Hematuria and Clots for 14 Days
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones): This condition is a common cause of hematuria with clots, especially in young adults. The presence of clots suggests a significant amount of bleeding, which can occur with the passage of stones.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Although less common in young males, UTIs can cause hematuria and clots, especially if the infection is severe or involves the upper urinary tract.
- Trauma: Recent trauma to the abdomen or back can cause hematuria with clots due to injury to the kidneys or urinary tract.
- Glomerulonephritis: This is an inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, which can cause hematuria. However, the presence of clots is less common.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Bladder or Renal Cancer: Although rare in young adults, these cancers can cause hematuria with clots and must be considered to avoid delayed diagnosis.
- Sickle Cell Disease or Sickle Cell Trait: These conditions can cause hematuria due to sickling in the kidneys and must be considered, especially in individuals of African descent.
- Bleeding Disorders: Conditions like hemophilia or von Willebrand disease can cause significant bleeding in the urinary tract, leading to hematuria with clots.
Rare Diagnoses
- Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) or Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF): These vascular anomalies can cause hematuria with clots due to abnormal blood flow within the kidneys or urinary tract.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Genitourinary TB can cause hematuria and clots, although this is relatively rare in areas with low TB prevalence.
- Vasculitis: Conditions like Wegener's granulomatosis or polyarteritis nodosa can cause hematuria with clots due to inflammation of the blood vessels in the kidneys.