Differential Diagnosis for 33 yo Male Patient with Reported Seizure

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Epilepsy or seizure disorder: This is a common cause of seizures and could be the underlying condition given the patient's reported unwitnessed seizure.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Substance withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines): Given the patient's incarceration, substance withdrawal is a plausible cause for seizures, especially if the patient has a history of substance abuse.
  • Head injury or trauma: The prison environment may increase the risk of head injuries, which can cause seizures.
  • Infection (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis): Although less common, infections can cause seizures, especially if the patient's immune system is compromised.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Intracranial hemorrhage or stroke: These conditions can cause seizures and are medical emergencies that require prompt attention.
  • Meningitis or encephalitis: As mentioned earlier, these infections can cause seizures and have high mortality rates if left untreated.
  • Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar can cause seizures, especially in patients with diabetes or those who are malnourished.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Autoimmune disorders (e.g., autoimmune encephalitis): These conditions are rare but can cause seizures and other neurological symptoms.
  • Brain tumors: Although rare, brain tumors can cause seizures, especially if they are located in areas that affect motor control or other brain functions.
  • Porphyria: This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause seizures, abdominal pain, and other symptoms.