Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is the most common cause of testicular pain, especially in sexually active young men. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, and is characterized by pain, swelling, and inflammation of the epididymis.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Testicular torsion: Although less common, testicular torsion is a significant cause of testicular pain, especially in adolescents and young adults. It occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle.
- Orchitis: This is an inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness in the testicles.
- Varicocele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause a dull, aching pain in the testicle and is more common on the left side.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Testicular cancer: Although rare, testicular cancer can cause testicular pain, and early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Appendicitis (with referred pain): In some cases, appendicitis can cause referred pain to the testicles, especially if the appendix is located near the testicles.
- Kidney stones: Kidney stones can cause severe pain that radiates to the testicles, especially if the stone is located in the lower ureter.
- Rare diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura: This is a rare condition that causes blood vessels to become inflamed, leading to pain, swelling, and bruising in various parts of the body, including the testicles.
- Polyarteritis nodosa: This is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation, which can lead to testicular pain and other symptoms.
- Spermatic cord cyst: A spermatic cord cyst is a rare condition where a cyst forms on the spermatic cord, causing pain and swelling in the testicle.