From the Guidelines
Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the first-line treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) due to their effectiveness in reducing symptoms, as supported by the most recent evidence 1.
Overview of ADHD Medications
ADHD medications can be categorized into two main groups: stimulants and non-stimulants.
- Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD, including methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamines (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse).
- Non-stimulant options include atomoxetine (Strattera), guanfacine (Intuniv), and clonidine, which may be used if stimulants are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects.
Stimulant Medications
Stimulants work by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus and reducing hyperactivity.
- Methylphenidate is often started at 5-10 mg once or twice daily, with dosages adjusted up to 60 mg per day if needed.
- Amphetamines like Adderall typically start at 5 mg once or twice daily, with potential increases up to 40 mg per day.
- Extended-release formulations are available for once-daily dosing, which can improve medication adherence.
Non-Stimulant Medications
Non-stimulant medications may be used as an alternative to stimulants or in combination with them.
- Atomoxetine is usually started at 40 mg daily and can be increased to 100 mg daily.
- Guanfacine and clonidine are also used, with guanfacine often preferred due to its longer duration of action.
Monitoring and Side Effects
Regular monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and weight is important when taking ADHD medications, as they can cause increased heart rate and blood pressure, as well as decreased appetite and sleep problems 1.
- Stimulants may also cause rebound effects, such as increased symptoms when the medication wears off.
- Non-stimulants may cause somnolence, dry mouth, and dizziness, among other side effects.
Comprehensive Treatment Approach
For optimal results, ADHD medication should be combined with behavioral therapies and lifestyle modifications, as supported by recent evidence 1.
- This comprehensive approach helps address not only the core symptoms of ADHD but also improves overall functioning and quality of life.
- Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is crucial to adjust the treatment plan as needed and minimize potential side effects.
From the FDA Drug Label
Atomoxetine capsules are indicated for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) The efficacy of atomoxetine capsules was established in seven clinical trials in outpatients with ADHD: four 6 to 9-week trials in pediatric patients (ages 6 to 18), two 10-week trial in adults, and one maintenance trial in pediatrics (ages 6 to 15)
The medication used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is atomoxetine.
- Key points:
From the Research
Medications for ADHD
The following medications are used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):
- Stimulant medications:
- Non-stimulant medications:
Forms of Medications
These medications are available in various forms, including:
- Immediate-release formulations 4, 6, 7
- Extended-release formulations 4, 5, 6, 7
- Long-acting formulations 4, 6, 7
- Transdermal patches 6
Efficacy and Safety
Studies have shown that these medications are effective in treating ADHD symptoms and improving functional outcomes, with varying degrees of efficacy and safety 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. However, the choice of medication and dosage depends on individual factors, and treatment should be guided by a healthcare professional 3, 7.