From the Research
Hemochromatosis can cause dementia through iron accumulation in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and cognitive decline, as supported by recent studies such as 1.
Mechanism of Dementia in Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption, resulting in deposits in various organs, including the brain. The excess iron generates harmful free radicals that damage cell membranes, proteins, and DNA in brain cells, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Iron deposits may also disrupt neurotransmitter function and promote inflammation in the brain, further impairing cognitive processes.
Key Findings
- A study published in 2024 1 highlights the role of brain iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, suggesting that iron accumulation is a key factor in the development of dementia.
- Another study 2 demonstrates that the oral iron chelator deferasirox can reverse age-dependent alterations in iron and amyloid-β homeostasis in the rat brain, implying a potential therapeutic role in Alzheimer's disease.
Treatment and Prevention
Early diagnosis and treatment of hemochromatosis are crucial to prevent irreversible brain damage and the development of dementia. Treatment involves regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels, which may help prevent or slow cognitive decline if started early. Chelation therapy with medications like deferoxamine or deferasirox might be used in severe cases.
Important Considerations
- Hemochromatosis often affects the liver, which can cause hepatic encephalopathy and contribute to cognitive impairment.
- Iron chelation therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing iron burden in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, as demonstrated in a study published in 2015 3.
- A review of haemochromatosis published in 2018 4 highlights the importance of non-invasive diagnosis and treatment, including phlebotomy and iron chelation therapy.