Differential Diagnosis for Lateral Elbow Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain, characterized by inflammation of the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It is often related to overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm extensors.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Radial Head Fracture: A fracture of the radial head can cause lateral elbow pain, especially with rotation or flexion of the forearm. It is often associated with a history of trauma.
- Radiocapitellar Arthritis: Inflammation or degeneration of the joint between the radius and the capitellum of the humerus can cause lateral elbow pain, particularly with forearm rotation.
- Lateral Elbow Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa located over the lateral epicondyle can cause swelling and pain on the lateral aspect of the elbow.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Olecranon Bursitis: Although more commonly associated with posterior elbow pain, olecranon bursitis can sometimes present with lateral elbow pain if the bursa is significantly inflamed. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis due to the potential for infection.
- Neoplastic Processes: Tumors, whether benign or malignant, can cause elbow pain. Although rare, missing a diagnosis of a neoplastic process could have severe consequences.
- Infectious Processes: Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis involving the elbow joint or surrounding bones can present with pain and require urgent medical attention to prevent long-term damage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Panner Disease: A rare condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the capitellum, typically seen in adolescent males involved in sports that involve repetitive throwing.
- Posterior Interosseous Nerve (PIN) Entrapment: Compression of the PIN can cause lateral elbow pain and weakness of the forearm extensors. It is less common than other causes of lateral elbow pain but should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the elbow joint becomes damaged, leading to pain and potentially locking or catching sensations. It is more common in younger individuals.