Development of New Antibiotics and Vaccines
Based on the available evidence, Moriel et al. are not directly cited in the provided literature, but the WHO Global Strategy and related guidelines consistently emphasize that development of new antibiotics and vaccines represents a critical measure to combat antimicrobial resistance 1.
Key Measures Proposed in the Evidence
The most relevant guideline evidence from 2002 explicitly states that "encouraging the development of appropriate new antibiotics and vaccines" is a fundamental intervention in the WHO Global Strategy for combating antimicrobial resistance 1. This recommendation is positioned alongside other core strategies including:
- Surveillance of resistance patterns and antibiotic usage to define the scale of the problem 1
- Judicious use of antibiotics through treatment guidelines and prescriber education 1
- Active immunization against major pathogens (particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus) to reduce antibiotic needs 1
Why This Answer is Correct
The evidence clearly distinguishes between appropriate interventions and those not supported:
- Reduction in global travel: Not mentioned as a strategy in any guideline 1, 2
- Increased use of antiviral medications: Not a primary AMR strategy; the focus is on reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use 1
- Promotion of herbal remedies: Not supported by any evidence-based guideline 1
The Broader Context
The pharmaceutical industry plays a major role in resistance control through intensified dialogue to facilitate research for new antibiotics and alternatives to antibiotic therapy 1. This includes improving preclinical studies with attention to resistance selection potential 1.
The correct answer is: Development of new antibiotics and vaccines.