Can denosumab (Prolia) cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)?

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Last updated: February 24, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Prolia (denosumab) is not known to cause hypoglycemia as a direct side effect. Prolia is primarily used to treat osteoporosis and works by inhibiting bone breakdown. It does not directly affect blood sugar regulation mechanisms in the body. The most common side effects of Prolia include back pain, pain in the extremities, and musculoskeletal pain. While no medication is without risks, hypoglycemia is not a typically reported or expected side effect of Prolia treatment.

Key Points to Consider

  • Hypoglycemia is a common problem in patients with diabetes, and often limits those trying to achieve tight glucose control 1.
  • Patient education of hypoglycemic medications, risk factors, contributing factors, and prevention strategies should be included in the care plan of patients at risk of developing hypoglycemia 1.
  • However, patients with diabetes or those taking medications that affect blood sugar should always monitor their glucose levels closely and consult with their healthcare provider about potential interactions between their various treatments.
  • If a patient experiences unexpected changes in blood sugar levels while taking Prolia, they should report this to their doctor for further evaluation, as it may be due to other factors or medications.

Relevant Studies

  • A study published in 2025 found that refractory hypoglycemia can be sensitive to octreotide therapy, but this is not directly related to Prolia treatment 2.
  • Another study published in 2017 discussed the importance of patient education and prevention strategies for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, but did not mention Prolia as a potential cause of hypoglycemia 1.
  • The most recent and highest quality study that is relevant to this question is 2, but it does not provide any evidence that Prolia causes hypoglycemia.

Recommendation

Patients taking Prolia should not be concerned about hypoglycemia as a direct side effect of the medication, but should still monitor their glucose levels closely if they have diabetes or are taking medications that affect blood sugar. If a patient experiences unexpected changes in blood sugar levels while taking Prolia, they should report this to their doctor for further evaluation, as it may be due to other factors or medications 2, 1.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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