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Last updated: June 7, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Upper Arm Pain without Trauma

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Muscle strain: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the common occurrence of muscle overuse or strain in the upper arm, which can cause pain and a sense of pressure without any history of trauma.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons in the upper arm, such as the biceps or triceps tendons, can cause pain and pressure.
  • Repetitive strain injury: Repetitive activities or movements can cause strain on the muscles and tendons of the upper arm, leading to pain and pressure.
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome: Compression of the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet can cause pain and pressure in the upper arm.
  • Cervical radiculopathy: Nerve root compression in the cervical spine can cause referred pain and pressure in the upper arm.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Acute coronary syndrome: Although less common, upper arm pain can be a referred symptom of a heart attack, especially if the pain is accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.
  • Pulmonary embolism: A blood clot in the lungs can cause referred pain in the upper arm, especially if the clot is large and causes significant strain on the lungs.
  • Aortic dissection: A tear in the aorta can cause severe pain and pressure in the upper arm, as well as other symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Pancoast tumor: A rare type of lung cancer that can cause pain and pressure in the upper arm due to compression of the nerves and blood vessels.
  • Brachial plexus neuropathy: Inflammation or damage to the brachial plexus nerves can cause pain and pressure in the upper arm.
  • Osteoid osteoma: A rare type of bone tumor that can cause pain and pressure in the upper arm, especially at night.
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that can cause joint hypermobility and skin elasticity, leading to pain and pressure in the upper arm due to joint instability.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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