What causes hemospermia?

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From the Guidelines

Hemospermia is most commonly caused by infectious or inflammatory conditions, accounting for approximately 40% of cases, particularly in men under 40 years of age. The causes of hemospermia can be varied, including pathology in the prostate gland, seminal tract, verumontanum, urethra, urinary bladder, epididymis, or testes 1. Some of the cited causes reported in the literature include prior prostatic biopsy, prostatic calculi, inflammatory or infectious conditions such as prostatitis or seminal vesiculitis, ductal obstruction, prostatic cyst formation, and rarely vascular malformations 1. Key factors to consider in the evaluation of hemospermia include:

  • Age of the patient, with most men being young (<40 years of age)
  • Presence of underlying medical conditions, such as prostatitis or urethritis
  • History of trauma or medical procedures, such as prostate biopsies
  • Presence of symptoms, such as pain or discomfort during ejaculation In terms of management, it is essential to identify and treat any underlying causes of hemospermia, such as infections or inflammation 1. For persistent cases, further evaluation by a urologist may be necessary to rule out more serious conditions, particularly in men over 40 years of age 1. Overall, a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing hemospermia is crucial to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

From the Research

Causas de Hemospermia

Las causas de hemospermia pueden variar dependiendo de la edad y los síntomas asociados. A continuación, se presentan algunas de las causas más comunes:

  • Infecciones del tracto urogenital, especialmente en hombres menores de 40 años 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Trauma iatrogénico, como la biopsia de próstata guiada por ultrasonido transrectal 2, 3, 5
  • Cambios patológicos en la próstata, como el cáncer de próstata 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Enfermedades sistémicas que aumentan el riesgo de sangrado, como la hipertensión arterial o trastornos hematológicos 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Inflamaciones y malformaciones vasculares 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Cálculos y tumores en el tracto urogenital 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Evaluación y Tratamiento

La evaluación y el tratamiento de la hemospermia dependen de la causa subyacente y la edad del paciente. En general, se recomienda:

  • Una evaluación básica que incluya una historia clínica detallada, un examen físico y análisis de orina y sangre 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Pruebas de imagen, como ultrasonido transrectal o resonancia magnética, si la causa no se puede determinar con las pruebas básicas 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Tratamiento dirigido a la causa subyacente, como antibióticos para infecciones o tratamiento quirúrgico para tumores 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Evaluation and treatment of hematospermia.

American family physician, 2009

Research

Hematospermia-a Symptom With Many Possible Causes.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2017

Research

Hematospermia: etiological and management considerations.

International urology and nephrology, 2009

Research

Hemospermia.

The Journal of urology, 2007

Research

Hematospermia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Reproductive medicine and biology, 2011

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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