What is the normal size of the common bile duct (CBD)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: June 7, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

The normal size of the common bile duct (CBD) is typically less than 8 mm in diameter, as defined by a normal bile duct diameter in the context of biliary dilatation diagnosis. This measurement is crucial for the diagnosis of biliary tract disorders, including the detection of CBD stones and the assessment of biliary dilatation. According to the study by 1, a normal bile duct diameter should be less than 8 mm, highlighting the importance of accurate measurement in clinical practice.

When assessing CBD diameter, it's essential to consider the imaging modality used, as different techniques may yield varying results. For instance, trans-abdominal ultrasound, despite its low sensitivity in CBD stone detection, has high diagnostic accuracy in demonstrating biliary dilatation, as noted in the study by 1. In contrast, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has an accuracy of detecting CBD stones surpassing 90%, although it may have limitations in detecting small stones, as reported in the same study.

Key points to consider when evaluating CBD size include:

  • The normal upper limit of CBD diameter may increase with age, as suggested by the study by 1, which states that the normal CBD may increase by 1 mm for every decade of age.
  • Temporary dilation can occur after meals, particularly fatty ones, as part of normal physiological function.
  • A CBD measuring greater than 10 mm is generally considered abnormal in most circumstances and may indicate pathology such as obstruction from stones, strictures, or tumors.
  • Accurate measurement of CBD diameter is crucial for the diagnosis and management of biliary tract disorders, emphasizing the need for reliable imaging techniques and careful interpretation of results.

From the Research

Normal Size of the Common Bile Duct (CBD)

The normal size of the common bile duct (CBD) can vary depending on several factors such as age, sex, and anthropometric measurements.

  • The mean diameter of the CBD has been reported to range from 3.6 mm to 4.1 mm in different studies 2, 3, 4.
  • A study found that the diameter of the CBD increases with age, with a mean diameter of 3.6 mm in patients 60 years old or less, and 4 mm in patients over 85 years old 2.
  • Another study reported a mean diameter of 3.64 mm, with 65% of participants having a CBD diameter less than 4 mm, and the diameter ranging from 1.8 to 5.9 mm 3.
  • The upper limit of normality for the CBD diameter has been reported to be around 6-7 mm 2, 4, although one study suggested that diameters up to 7.9 mm can be considered normal 4.
  • A study using multidetector computed tomography found an average diameter of 6.7 mm, with a significant correlation between age and CBD diameter 5.

Factors Affecting CBD Size

  • Age: The diameter of the CBD has been shown to increase with age 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • Sex: No significant difference in CBD diameter has been found between males and females 3, 4.
  • Anthropometric measurements: No significant correlation has been found between CBD diameter and anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, and body mass index 3, 4.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.