From the Guidelines
Gum findings in osteogenesis imperfecta typically include abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, which can lead to translucent, discolored teeth, and potentially weakened periodontal ligaments causing increased tooth mobility. The condition affects not just the bones but also the dental and gum health of individuals, leading to a range of oral manifestations. Key findings may include:
- Translucent, opalescent teeth with discoloration
- Weakened periodontal ligament leading to increased tooth mobility
- Potential for premature tooth loss
- Malocclusion and open bite due to abnormal jaw development
- Gingival tissues that may appear normal but can be prone to bleeding due to the underlying collagen defect These manifestations are a result of the type I collagen mutations that also cause bone fragility in osteogenesis imperfecta, affecting the development and integrity of dentin and supporting structures 1. Management strategies should focus on gentle oral hygiene practices, regular dental visits, and possibly protective dental sealants to mitigate these issues. Dental procedures should be performed with caution to avoid trauma, and some patients may benefit from fluoride treatments to strengthen enamel. Orthodontic treatment may be necessary but should be approached conservatively due to the increased risk of root resorption and tooth mobility in these patients.
From the Research
Gum Findings in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- There is limited information available on gum findings in osteogenesis imperfecta, as most studies focus on dental abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, malocclusions, and missing or unerupted teeth 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- However, it is known that individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta may have specific dentoalveolar problems that can be challenging to address 2.
- A study on oral findings in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta found that the population had a higher number of missing teeth and endodontically treated teeth compared to the general population, but good daily oral health habits and regular dental visits 4.
- Another study found that missing and unerupted teeth are common in osteogenesis imperfecta patients, with an average of 2.4 missing teeth and 0.8 unerupted teeth per patient, and that these phenomena are more prominent in severe forms of the disease 5.
- While there is no direct information on gum findings, it can be inferred that individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta may require special consideration and care when it comes to their oral health, including their gums 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.