From the Guidelines
Berberine is not recommended as the best supplement to help lower blood glucose levels based on the provided evidence. The evidence provided does not support the use of berberine or any other supplement as an effective way to lower blood glucose levels. According to the study published in Diabetes Care 1, there is no clear evidence of benefit from vitamin or mineral supplementation in people with diabetes who do not have underlying deficiencies. The study also states that routine supplementation with antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C and carotene, is not advised because of lack of evidence of efficacy and concern related to long-term safety.
The study 1 also mentions that there is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of micronutrients such as chromium, magnesium, and vitamin D to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes. Additionally, the study concludes that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of cinnamon or other herbs/supplements for the treatment of diabetes.
Instead of relying on supplements, a Mediterranean-style, MUFA-rich eating pattern may benefit glycemic control and CVD risk factors and can therefore be recommended as an effective alternative to a lower-fat, higher-carbohydrate eating pattern 1. This eating pattern, combined with regular exercise and a balanced diet low in refined carbohydrates, can help individuals with diabetes manage their blood glucose levels effectively.
It is essential for individuals with diabetes to consult their healthcare provider before starting any new supplements or making significant changes to their diet or exercise routine. The healthcare provider can help determine the best course of treatment and provide guidance on how to manage blood glucose levels effectively.
Key points to consider:
- There is no clear evidence of benefit from vitamin or mineral supplementation in people with diabetes who do not have underlying deficiencies 1.
- Routine supplementation with antioxidants is not advised due to lack of evidence of efficacy and concern related to long-term safety 1.
- A Mediterranean-style, MUFA-rich eating pattern may benefit glycemic control and CVD risk factors 1.
- Individuals with diabetes should consult their healthcare provider before starting any new supplements or making significant changes to their diet or exercise routine.
From the Research
Supplements for Lowering Blood Glucose
There are several supplements that have been studied for their potential to help lower blood glucose levels. Some of the most promising ones include:
- Berberine: a compound found in certain plants, which has been shown to have a glucose-lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes 2, 3, 4, 5
- Chromium: an essential mineral that plays a role in insulin action and carbohydrate metabolism, with chromium picolinate being the most efficacious form of chromium supplementation 6
Key Findings on Berberine
Berberine has been found to:
- Reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour plasma blood glucose (2hPBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes 2
- Improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in diabetic rats by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis 5
- Have a protective effect on pancreatic β-cells and increase sensitivity to insulin in peripheral tissues 4
- Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes by improving blood glucose control and insulin resistance 3
Key Findings on Chromium
Chromium has been found to:
- Enhance the metabolic action of insulin and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in overweight individuals 6
- Improve blood glucose control and reduce insulin resistance when taken as a supplement containing 200-1,000 mcg of chromium as chromium picolinate per day 6
- Be poorly absorbed from dietary sources, with levels decreasing with age 6