From the Research
Urinary retention is most likely to occur between the 10th and 18th week of gestation, during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. This is based on the most recent and highest quality study available, which reported on three pregnant women with acute urinary retention between the 10th and 18th week of gestation 1. The study found that retroverted uterus is the most common cause of acute urinary retention, and prompt recognition and diagnosis are required to prevent complications.
Risk Factors and Causes
The causes of urinary retention during pregnancy can be attributed to various factors, including:
- Mechanical obstruction from an enlarged uterus, uterine prolapse, or pelvic organ prolapse
- Hormonal changes, particularly increased progesterone levels, which can decrease bladder tone and urethral pressure
- Retroverted uterus, which is the most common cause of acute urinary retention 1
- Previous abdominal surgery, such as pelvic tuberculosis, leading to severe adhesions and a persistent retroverted uterus 1
Management and Treatment
Management of urinary retention during pregnancy typically involves:
- Addressing any underlying causes
- Intermittent catheterization if necessary
- Proper positioning during urination to maximize bladder emptying
- Manual disimpaction of the uterus and the knee-chest position, as required in some cases 1
It is essential for women experiencing urinary retention during pregnancy to seek medical attention, as untreated retention can lead to urinary tract infections or kidney damage. The condition can be managed effectively with prompt recognition and diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a normal pregnancy outcome 1.