What is the diagnosis and treatment for Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication?

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Last updated: February 24, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, and the diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on symptoms such as altered mental status, agitation, and hallucinations, while treatment focuses on supportive care and management of symptoms. The diagnosis of PCP intoxication involves a comprehensive physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests to rule out other potential causes of symptoms.

  • Key symptoms of PCP intoxication include: + Altered mental status + Agitation + Hallucinations + Numbness or tingling in the extremities + Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Laboratory tests may include: + Urine or blood tests to detect the presence of PCP + Complete blood count (CBC) to rule out infection or other conditions + Electrolyte panel to assess for any imbalances + Imaging studies, such as CT or MRI, to rule out other potential causes of symptoms Treatment for PCP intoxication is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
  • Supportive care measures include: + Monitoring of vital signs and cardiac function + Management of agitation and aggression with benzodiazepines or other sedatives + Treatment of hallucinations with antipsychotic medications + Management of increased heart rate and blood pressure with beta blockers or other medications + Provision of a safe and calm environment to reduce stimulation According to the most recent and highest quality study available 1, the treatment of PCP pneumonia, which is a different condition from PCP intoxication, involves the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as the primary treatment, with alternatives such as intravenous pentamidine, clindamycin plus primaquine, or atovaquone for those who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX. However, it is essential to note that the provided evidence primarily focuses on the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia, which is a different condition from Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. In the context of real-life clinical medicine, the priority is to prioritize morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, and to make decisions based on the most recent and highest quality evidence available. Given the lack of direct evidence on the treatment of PCP intoxication, the focus should be on providing supportive care and managing symptoms, while also considering the potential risks and benefits of different treatment approaches. It is crucial to consult with a medical professional for personalized guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of PCP intoxication.

References

Research

Comparative efficacy and safety of treatment regimens for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2024

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