What is MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital)?

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Last updated: June 8, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

A Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) was a type of military medical unit designed to provide emergency surgical care to wounded soldiers near the front lines of combat. First developed by the United States Army during the Korean War in the early 1950s, MASH units were created to reduce the time between injury and surgical treatment, significantly improving survival rates for wounded personnel 1. These facilities were designed to be relatively mobile, capable of being dismantled, transported, and reassembled as the battle lines shifted. A typical MASH unit consisted of surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and support staff who worked in tents or semi-permanent structures equipped with operating rooms, post-operative recovery areas, and basic diagnostic capabilities. MASH units typically performed emergency surgeries such as controlling hemorrhage, debridement of wounds, amputations when necessary, and stabilizing patients before evacuation to more permanent facilities. The concept proved so successful that it revolutionized military medicine and influenced civilian trauma care systems. While MASH units were phased out by the U.S. Army in 2006 and replaced by Combat Support Hospitals (CSH), their legacy continues in modern military medical practices and was popularized in American culture through the novel, film, and television series "MAS*H" 1.

Some key features of MASH units include:

  • Mobility and flexibility to provide care near the front lines of combat
  • Emergency surgical care for wounded soldiers
  • Capable of performing a range of surgical procedures, including controlling hemorrhage and debridement of wounds
  • Staffed by surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and support staff
  • Equipped with operating rooms, post-operative recovery areas, and basic diagnostic capabilities

It's worth noting that the concept of MASH units has evolved over time, with the U.S. Army replacing them with Combat Support Hospitals (CSH) and forward surgical teams (FST) 1. However, the legacy of MASH units continues to influence modern military medical practices and civilian trauma care systems.

In terms of the impact of MASH units on patient outcomes, studies have shown that they were highly effective in reducing mortality and morbidity among wounded soldiers 2. The use of MASH units also led to improvements in trauma care and emergency surgery, with a focus on providing timely and high-quality care to patients in need 3. Overall, the concept of MASH units has had a lasting impact on the field of military medicine and continues to influence the delivery of trauma care and emergency surgery today.

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