Differential Diagnosis for Dysuria in a 9-year-old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is the most common cause of dysuria in children, especially in girls. The symptoms of UTI include painful urination, frequent urination, and abdominal pain.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Vaginitis: In prepubertal girls, vaginitis can cause dysuria due to irritation of the vulvar and vaginal areas.
- Urethral irritation or trauma: This can occur due to bubble baths, soap, or other irritants, and can cause painful urination.
- Constipation: Constipation can cause urinary retention and dysuria in children.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Sexual Abuse: Although rare, sexual abuse can cause dysuria and genital trauma in children, and it is essential to consider this possibility.
- Kidney Stones: Although uncommon in children, kidney stones can cause severe pain and dysuria.
- Diabetes Mellitus: New-onset diabetes can cause frequent urination and dysuria due to glycosuria.
Rare Diagnoses
- Interstitial Cystitis: A rare condition that causes chronic bladder pain and dysuria.
- Urethral stricture or obstruction: A rare condition that can cause dysuria and urinary retention.
- Tuberculosis of the urinary tract: A rare condition that can cause dysuria, frequency, and hematuria.
- Sickle Cell Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause urinary tract problems, including dysuria, due to sickling of red blood cells in the urinary tract.