What is the arrector pili muscle?

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Last updated: September 30, 2026 • View editorial policy

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Šta je arrector pili mišić

Arrector pili mišić je mala traka glatkog mišića koja povezuje folikul dlake sa bazalnom membranom kože, pružajući se od bulge regiona folikula (gde se nalaze matične ćelije) do gornjeg dermisa.

Anatomska struktura i karakteristike

Arrector pili mišić (APM) predstavlja ključnu strukturnu komponentu pilosebacealnog kompleksa sa sledećim karakteristikama 1:

  • Proksimalni pripoj: Vezuje se za bulge region folikularne jedinice u retikularnom dermisu, što je poznato mesto matičnih ćelija
  • Distalni pripoj: Završava se u gornjem dermisu sa jedinstvenom "C"-oblikom strukturom koja se povezuje sa dermalno-epidermalnom spojnicom 2
  • Morfologija: Pokazuje razgranatu (arborizovanu) strukturu dok se penje ka epidermisu 2

Funkcionalna uloga

APM ima više funkcija 3:

  • Termoregulacija: Kontrakcijom podiže dlake i povećava zadržavanje vazduha između dlaka
  • Održavanje folikularne strukture: Obuhvata folikularnu jedinicu i vezuje se samo za primarni folikul dlake u bulge regiji
  • Podrška matičnim ćelijama: Učestvuje u održavanju integriteta niše matičnih ćelija u epidermisu i folikulima dlaka

Klinički značaj u gubitku kose

Gubitak ili miniaturizacija proksimalnog pripoja APM-a uočava se kod ireverzibilnog gubitka kose 2. Ovo je posebno relevantno kod:

  • Androgene alopecije: Proksimalni pripoj APM-a je izgubljen ili ekstremno miniaturizovan 2
  • Dijagnostika: Vellus dlake se definišu kao one manje od 0.03 mm u dijametru bez pripojenog arrector pili mišića 4

Histološka identifikacija

Pri biopsiji skalpa, prisustvo ili odsustvo APM-a pomaže u razlikovanju terminalnih od vellus dlaka 4. Masson's trichrome bojenje se pokazalo kao veoma korisno za delineaciju folikularnih jedinica i vizualizaciju APM struktura 1.

Interesantno, transplantirani folikuli dlaka mogu preživeti uprkos odsutnoj ili narušenoj APM arhitekturi, što sugeriše da kompletna prezervacija native APM anatomije možda nije esencijalna za opstanak folikula nakon transplantacije 5.

References

1
Research

The arrector pili muscle and the follicular unit of the scalp: a microscopic anatomy study.

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2002

5
Research

Can Transplanted Hair Follicles Survive in the Absence of Arrector Pili Muscle Attachments?

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2026

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