From the Research
An antalgic gait is a walking pattern characterized by a limp that develops as a protective mechanism to avoid pain in a lower extremity. This condition is often associated with various underlying causes, including injuries like fractures, sprains, or arthritis, as well as conditions affecting joints, muscles, or nerves 1, 2, 3, 4. When a person experiences pain while bearing weight on a leg, foot, or hip, they instinctively shorten the time spent on the painful limb during the stance phase of walking. This results in uneven, asymmetrical steps where the person quickly shifts weight off the painful side.
Key Characteristics of Antalgic Gait
- The severity of the limp typically correlates with the intensity of pain
- Healthcare providers often assess antalgic gait as part of diagnosing underlying conditions, looking for asymmetry in stride length, cadence, and weight-bearing time
- Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of pain rather than the gait itself, which usually improves once pain is managed effectively
- Physical therapy may be recommended to restore normal walking patterns after the pain subsides, particularly if the person has been limping for an extended period
Management and Treatment
The management of antalgic gait involves a comprehensive approach to address the underlying cause of pain. This may include pharmacologic treatments such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids, as well as intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid 2. Additionally, physical therapy and rehabilitative interventions can play a crucial role in improving disability and pain in patients with osteoarthritis 1.
Recent Evidence
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid can be effective in providing pain relief for patients with glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis 2. Another study highlighted the importance of addressing the underlying cause of pain in managing antalgic gait, and recommended a treatment approach that focuses on improving disability and pain rather than just the gait itself 1.
Clinical Implications
In clinical practice, healthcare providers should prioritize addressing the underlying cause of pain in patients with antalgic gait, rather than just focusing on the gait itself. This may involve a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacologic treatments, physical therapy, and rehabilitative interventions. By managing the underlying cause of pain effectively, healthcare providers can help improve the quality of life for patients with antalgic gait.