What are the ultrasonography findings and management of cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) and cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts)?

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From the Guidelines

Kolesistit ve kolanjit tanısında ultrasonografi ilk tercih edilen görüntüleme yöntemidir. Ultrasonografi findings of kolesistit include gallbladder wall thickening (>3mm), pericholecystic fluid, gallbladder distention, and a sonographic Murphy's sign (pain when the ultrasound probe presses on the gallbladder) 1. Gallstones are often visible, appearing as echogenic structures with acoustic shadowing. In kolanjit, ultrasound may show dilated bile ducts (>6mm in diameter), with possible visualization of obstructing stones, strictures, or masses.

Kolesistit Yönetimi

Management of acute kolesistit initially involves NPO status, IV fluids, pain control with medications like morphine or hydromorphone, and broad-spectrum antibiotics such as piperacillin-tazobactam 3.375g IV every 6 hours or ceftriaxone 1-2g IV daily plus metronidazole 500mg IV every 8 hours for 5-7 days 1. Definitive treatment is kolesistektomi, ideally performed within 24-72 hours of diagnosis.

Kolanjit Yönetimi

For kolanjit, similar supportive care and antibiotics are needed, but the priority is biliary decompression via endoscopic retrograde kolangiopankreatografi (ERCP) within 24-48 hours 1. During ERCP, stones can be removed and stents placed to maintain drainage. These conditions require prompt intervention as they can progress to sepsis, with kolanjit being particularly dangerous due to its potential for rapid deterioration and high mortality if untreated.

Önemli Noktalar

  • Ultrasonografi, kolesistit ve kolanjit tanısında ilk tercih edilen görüntüleme yöntemidir 1.
  • Kolesistit ve kolanjit yönetimi, destekleyici bakım, antibiyotik tedavisi ve cerrahi veya endoskopik müdahaleyi içerebilir 1.
  • Erken müdahale, sepsis ve yüksek mortalite riskini azaltabilir 1.

From the Research

Ultrasonografi Bulguları

  • Koledokolitiazis ve kolanjitin ultrasonografi bulguları arasında, safra kesesi ve safra yollarının genişlemesi, safra taşları, duvar kalınlaşması ve perikolesistit inflamasyonu bulunur 2, 3.
  • Akut kolesistit tanısında ultrasonografinin duyarlılığı %75,7 olarak bildirilmiştir, ancak bu değer zamanla azalabilir 3.
  • Ultrasonografi bulguları arasında, safra kesesi duvarının kalınlaşması, intraluminal sludge, wall hyperemia, mucosal ischemic changes ve perikolesistit inflamasyonu sayılabilir 2.

Yönetimi

  • Kolanjit ve kolesistit yönetiminde erken tanı ve tedavi önemlidir 4.
  • Tedavi seçenekleri arasında, intravenöz sıvı tedavisi, antimikrobiyal tedavi ve safra yolunun drenajı bulunur 4.
  • İmmünosüpresif ilaçlar, IgG4 ilişkili kolanjit tedavisinde etkili olabilir 5.
  • Cerrahi müdahaleler, genellikle diğer tedavi seçeneklerinin başarısız olduğu durumlarda uygulanır 5.

Görüntüleme Teknikleri

  • Ultrasonografi, kolesistit ve kolanjit tanısında sık kullanılan bir görüntüleme tekniğidir 2, 3.
  • Diğer görüntüleme teknikleri arasında, endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreatografi, manyetik rezonans kolanjiopankreatografi ve endoskopik ultrason sayılabilir 5.
  • Bu teknikler, tanı ve tedavi amacıyla kullanılabilir 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Improving Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis with US: New Paradigms.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc, 2024

Research

Performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholecystitis: not so (ultra)sound?

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2022

Research

Acute Cholangitis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management.

Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2021

Research

Cholangitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis.

Journal of clinical and translational hepatology, 2017

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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