What are the normal reference intervals for a complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, and serum sodium, potassium, and chloride in dogs?

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Nilai Normal Laboratorium untuk Anjing

Untuk anjing sehat, nilai normal laboratorium adalah: darah lengkap (hematokrit 37-55%, hemoglobin 12-18 g/dL, eritrosit 5.5-8.5 juta/μL, leukosit 6.000-17.000/μL), gula darah puasa 70-143 mg/dL (3.9-7.9 mmol/L), natrium 140-155 mEq/L, kalium 3.5-5.8 mEq/L, dan klorida 105-122 mEq/L.

Hematologi Lengkap (Complete Blood Count)

Berdasarkan data referensi dari penelitian pada anjing sehat 1, 2:

Parameter Eritrosit

  • Eritrosit (RBC): 5.5-8.5 juta/μL
  • Hemoglobin: 12-18 g/dL
  • Hematokrit (PCV): 37-55%
  • MCV (Mean Cell Volume): 60-77 fL
  • MCH (Mean Cell Hemoglobin): 19-25 pg
  • MCHC: 32-36%

Parameter Leukosit

  • Leukosit total (WBC): 6.000-17.000/μL
  • Neutrofil: 3.000-11.500/μL (60-77%)
  • Limfosit: 1.000-4.800/μL (12-30%)
  • Monosit: 150-1.350/μL (3-10%)
  • Eosinofil: 100-1.250/μL (2-10%)
  • Basofil: 0-100/μL (0-1%)

Parameter Trombosit

  • Trombosit: 200.000-500.000/μL

Gula Darah (Glukosa)

Glukosa puasa: 70-143 mg/dL (3.9-7.9 mmol/L) 1, 2

Catatan penting: Nilai glukosa pada anak anjing (puppies) cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan anjing dewasa setelah usia 10 hari 3. Variasi biologis glukosa pada anjing memiliki koefisien variasi sekitar 4.8-6.1%, sehingga pengukuran tunggal harus diinterpretasikan dengan hati-hati.

Elektrolit

Berdasarkan penelitian pada anjing sehat 1, 4, 5:

Natrium (Na+)

  • Nilai normal: 140-155 mEq/L
  • Pada anak anjing, nilai natrium cenderung lebih rendah dari dewasa hingga usia 84 hari 3

Kalium (K+)

  • Nilai normal: 3.5-5.8 mEq/L
  • Pada anak anjing, nilai kalium lebih tinggi dibandingkan dewasa dan menurun seiring pertumbuhan 3
  • Pada anjing geriatrik, kalium cenderung meningkat 2

Klorida (Cl-)

  • Nilai normal: 105-122 mEq/L
  • Pada anak anjing, nilai klorida lebih rendah dari dewasa hingga usia 84 hari 3

Pertimbangan Khusus Berdasarkan Usia

Anak Anjing (Puppies)

Nilai laboratorium pada anak anjing berbeda signifikan dari dewasa 3:

  • Jangan gunakan nilai referensi dewasa untuk anak anjing usia <84 hari
  • Hematokrit mencapai nadir (titik terendah) pada usia 28 hari sebelum naik kembali
  • pH dan bikarbonat paling mendekati nilai dewasa dibanding parameter lain

Anjing Geriatrik (>11 tahun)

Perubahan terkait usia 2:

  • Kreatinin menurun (kemungkinan karena penurunan massa otot)
  • Fosfor dan kalium meningkat
  • Rasio albumin:globulin menurun

Peringatan Penting

  1. Variabilitas antar-laboratorium: Setiap laboratorium harus memiliki nilai referensi sendiri berdasarkan metode dan populasi yang digunakan 1

  2. Perbedaan ras: Nilai normal dapat bervariasi antar ras anjing 4

  3. Metode pengambilan sampel: Penggunaan darah vena vs arteri dapat memberikan hasil berbeda untuk parameter tertentu 5

  4. Waktu pengambilan: Untuk glukosa, sebaiknya dalam kondisi puasa untuk hasil yang akurat

  5. Point-of-care testing: Jika menggunakan alat POC, perhatikan bahwa hasil dari whole blood dapat berbeda dari serum/plasma 3, 6

References

5
Research

Determination of reference intervals of acid-base parameters in clinically healthy dogs.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001), 2017

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.