Differential Diagnosis for Ankle Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Ankle Sprain: The most common cause of ankle pain, typically resulting from inversion or eversion injuries, leading to ligamentous damage. This diagnosis is likely due to the high frequency of ankle sprains in the general population, especially among athletes or individuals who engage in physical activities.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Achilles Tendinitis: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, often caused by overuse or repetitive strain, leading to pain and stiffness in the back of the ankle. This condition is common among runners and individuals who suddenly increase their physical activity.
- Ankle Fracture: A break in one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint, which can result from a severe injury, such as a fall from a height or a direct blow to the ankle. The likelihood of this diagnosis increases with the severity of the trauma.
- Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear of the joint cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in the ankle. This condition is more common in older adults or those with a history of ankle injuries.
- Peroneal Tendinitis: Inflammation of the peroneal tendons, which stabilize the ankle, often caused by overuse or ankle sprains. This diagnosis is likely in individuals who participate in sports that involve repetitive ankle movements.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Compartment Syndrome: A condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment leads to inadequate blood supply, potentially causing nerve and muscle damage. This is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in the deep veins of the leg, which can cause ankle pain and swelling, and may lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.
- Infection (Cellulitis or Osteomyelitis): Bacterial infections of the skin or bone, which can cause severe ankle pain, redness, and swelling, and may lead to serious complications if not treated appropriately.
- Rupture of the Achilles Tendon: A complete tear of the Achilles tendon, which requires urgent medical attention to prevent long-term disability.
Rare Diagnoses
- Gout: A form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness in the ankle joint, often caused by elevated uric acid levels.
- Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease): A condition similar to gout, caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within the joint, leading to acute inflammatory reactions.
- Ankle Impingement: A condition where soft tissue or bone spurs cause mechanical obstruction of the ankle joint, leading to pain and limited mobility.
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the ankle and foot.