Metastatic Cancer: Given the patient's age (implied by the presence of chronic kidney disease and hypertension), mid back pain radiating to the umbilicus, pain in shoulders and hips, tenderness over the central thoracic spine, decreased sensation at T10, and anemia, metastatic cancer (e.g., from breast, lung, or prostate cancer) is a strong consideration. The nocturnal worsening of pain and the presence of anemia further support this diagnosis.

Osteoporotic Compression Fracture: The patient's mid back pain, tenderness over the central thoracic spine, and decreased sensation at T10 could be consistent with an osteoporotic compression fracture, especially in the context of chronic diseases like CKD and hypertension, which can contribute to osteoporosis.
Spondylosis or Spondylolisthesis: These conditions could explain the mid back pain radiating to the umbilicus, especially if there is nerve root compression involved, leading to decreased sensation at T10.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Related Bone Disease: CKD can lead to renal osteodystrophy, which includes conditions like osteitis fibrosa cystica, osteomalacia, and adynamic bone disease. These conditions can cause bone pain, including mid back pain.

Spinal Epidural Abscess: Although less likely, this is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Back pain, especially if severe and accompanied by neurological deficits like decreased sensation, fever, or systemic signs of infection, should raise suspicion for a spinal epidural abscess.
Aortic Dissection: Given the patient's history of hypertension, aortic dissection is a critical diagnosis not to miss. While the pain typically starts in the chest and radiates to the back, any severe or tearing chest or back pain, especially with differences in blood pressure between arms, should prompt an immediate evaluation for aortic dissection.
Multiple Myeloma: This condition can cause bone pain, anemia, and renal failure, fitting several aspects of the patient's presentation. It's crucial to consider in the differential due to its potential impact on prognosis and treatment.

Sickle Cell Disease Crisis: Although less common, especially if the patient's anemia is not well-characterized, sickle cell disease can cause vaso-occlusive crises leading to severe back pain, among other symptoms.
Paget's Disease of Bone: This condition can cause localized bone pain and deformity. While less likely, it could be considered in the differential, especially if other diagnoses are ruled out and there are specific findings suggestive of Paget's disease, such as characteristic bone deformities or elevated alkaline phosphatase levels.