From the FDA Drug Label
INDICATIONS & USAGE 1. 1 Hypertension Lisinopril tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals.
The diagnosis of Hypertension (IHH) is not explicitly stated in the provided drug label, but the treatment for Hypertension is indicated as:
- Lisinopril tablets USP to lower blood pressure in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.
- Comprehensive cardiovascular risk management including:
- Lipid control
- Diabetes management
- Antithrombotic therapy
- Smoking cessation
- Exercise
- Limited sodium intake
- Many patients may require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals 1.
From the Research
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when blood pressure readings consistently show systolic pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥80 mmHg, and the primary goal of treatment is to reduce overall blood pressure to below 140/90 mmHg, with a more optimal goal of 130/80 mmHg, as stated in the study by 2.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis of hypertension is based on blood pressure readings, and treatment begins with lifestyle modifications, including:
- Weight loss
- Adopting the DASH diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy)
- Reducing sodium intake to less than 2.3g daily
- Regular physical activity (150 minutes weekly)
- Limiting alcohol consumption First-line medications include:
- Thiazide diuretics (like hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-25mg daily)
- ACE inhibitors (such as lisinopril 10-40mg daily)
- ARBs (like losartan 50-100mg daily)
- Calcium channel blockers (amlodipine 5-10mg daily)
Combination Therapy
Combination therapy with a calcium channel blocker and an ACE inhibitor is a highly effective treatment option for hypertension, as demonstrated by the study by 3, which showed that this combination was more effective in preventing composite cardiovascular events than other combinations. Some patients may need combination therapy, with different medication classes working synergistically to control blood pressure while minimizing side effects. The study by 4 also supports the use of a fixed combination of an ACE inhibitor and a calcium antagonist as a first-choice therapy in arterial hypertension.
Monitoring and Treatment Goals
Regular monitoring is essential, ideally with home blood pressure measurements. Treatment is typically lifelong and may require multiple medications to reach target blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg. The goal of treatment is to reduce morbidity, mortality, and improve quality of life, as stated in the study by 2.